Ala Mamwetele Mwiai mp3. Fine di una giornata di lavoro al #civico88.croccanti dolcetti che custodiscono solitamente aforismi o messaggi di buon auspicio. Ahmed Abdullah Al-Mwawi, also Mawawi or Muwawi, was a major general in the Egyptian Army. He served as the General Commander of the Egyptian expeditionary force during 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Islamic City of Marawi | |
Skyline of the city as viewed in November 2018 more than a year after the Battle of Marawi. | |
Map of Lanao del Sur with Marawi highlighted | |
Location within the Philippines | |
Coordinates: 8°00′N124°18′E / 8°N 124.3°ECoordinates: 8°00′N124°18′E / 8°N 124.3°E | |
Country | Philippines |
---|---|
Region | Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) |
Province | Lanao del Sur |
District | 1st District |
Settled | 1639 |
Chartered | May 24, 1907 |
Cityhood | 1940 |
City | June 16, 1956 |
Barangays | 96 |
Government | |
• Type | Sangguniang Panlungsod |
• Mayor | Majul Usman Gandamra |
• Vice Mayor | Arafat Salic |
• Electorate | 49,114 voters (2016) |
Area [2] | |
• Total | 87.55 km2 (33.80 sq mi) |
Elevation | 700 m (2,300 ft) |
Population (2015 census)[4] | |
• Total | 201,785 |
• Density | 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
ZIP code | |
PSGC | |
IDD:area code | +63 (0)63 |
Climate type | tropical climate |
Income class | 4th city income class |
Revenue (₱) | 499.3 million (2016) |
Native languages | Maranao, Iranun |
Marawi (Maranao: Inged a Marawi) is a city and the capital of the Lanao del Sur province in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of the Philippines.[5] Based on the 2015 census, it has a population of 201,785.
The people of Marawi are called the Maranaos and speak the Maranao language. They are named after Lake Lanao, called Meranau in their language, upon whose shores Marawi lies. The city is also called the 'Summer Capital of the South' because of its higher elevation and cooler climate,[6] a nickname it shares with Malaybalay, which legally holds the title.
On May 23, 2017, the city suffered extensive damage during the Battle of Marawi as militants affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant invaded the city and engaged in a massive urban gunfight. The ensuing battle lasted until October 23, 2017 when Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana announced the ending of the battle. Major damage of the city was mostly caused by airstrikes carried out by the Philippine Air Force in an attempt to eliminate the militants.
- 1History
- 2Geography
- 3Barangays
- 4Demographics
- 5Economy
History[edit]
Skyline of Marawi in 2008
Municipality of Dansalan[edit]
Marawi was founded as Dansalan in October 1639 by the Spaniards led by conquistador Francisco Atienza who came from Iligan and were attempting to conquer the entire Lake Lanao area. However, it was abandoned later the same year when thousands of Maranao warriors invested the then-fortifying settlement, pressing the Spaniards hard and thus they returned to Iligan, having failed in their quest.[7] The Spaniards only returned to the area when they began the conquest of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the late 19th century, only to be abandoned once again when the Americans came there in 1900. It served as the capital of the undivided Lanao province from 1907 to 1940. Dansalan in Meranaw is a place where ships berth – a port of entry.
A Tribal leader of Marawi before Spanish colonization was 'Datu Buadi Sa Kayo'. He collected taxes in his era.
Granting of charter (1940) and change of name to Marawi (1956)[edit]
According to the late well-known Meranaw scholar Dr. Mamitua Saber, Marawi got its charter in 1940. The granting of a charter to the old Dansalan municipality was jointly conceived by the Philippine Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon and Assemblyman, later Senator, Tomas L. Cabili. The changing of the official name from Dansalan to Marawi was through Congressional amendment of the Charter in 1956 sponsored by Sen. Domocao Alonto [nl]. This is embodied by Republic Act No. 1552 dated June 16, 1956.
The renaming of the city as 'Islamic City of Marawi' was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from the Middle East.[6]
2017 Battle of Marawi[edit]
On May 23, 2017, a pro–Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group called the Maute group attacked the city. The battle of Marawi—also known as the Marawi siege, the Marawi clash, and the Marawi crisis—started on May 23. CNN Philippines reported that the militants had over 500 men.[8] Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law on the island of Mindanao, where the fighting was taking place, initially until December 31, 2018, but was later extended to the end of 2019.[9] The city was liberated from militant control on October 17 and battle operations officially ended on October 23.
Post-battle period[edit]
In January 30, 2018, it was announced that a 10-hectare military base will be established in the city to prevent the reentry of terrorists.[10]
Geography[edit]
Lake Lanao viewed from Marawi
Marawi has a total land area of 8,755 hectares (21,630 acres).[2] It is located on the northernmost shores of Lake Lanao and straddles the area where the Agus River starts. It is bounded to the north by the municipalities of Kapai and Saguiaran; to the south by Lake Lanao; to the east by the municipalities of Bubong and Ditsaan-Ramain; and to the west by the municipalities of Marantao and Saguiaran.[6] The Bagang beach is situated 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the city's commercial center.
The Islamic city also hosts a national park, the Sacred Mountain National Park, which spans the barangays of Guimba and Papandayan covering an area of 94-hectare (230-acre). The protected area was established on August 5, 1965, by Republic Act no. 4190.[11] The park is dominated by Mount Mupo, a 900-foot (270 m) tall[12] extinct volcanic cone. The park is ideal for birdwatching and mountain climbing to the summit that features a small pond.[13]
Topography[edit]
Mountains, rolling hills, valleys, and a large placid lake dominate the city's landscape. Angoyao Hills (Brgy. Sogod) served as natural viewpoint over the water of the Lake Lanao. Signal Hill (Brgy. Matampay), Arumpac Hill (Brgy. Saduc), and Mt. Mupo (Brgy. Guimba) are considered beautiful but mysterious. Mt. Mupo, located within the Sacred Mountain National Park, is known for its untouched trees and beautiful, perfect cone.[citation needed]
Barangays[edit]
Marawi is politically subdivided into 96 barangays.[14]
- Ambolong
- Bacolod Chico Proper
- Banga
- Bangco
- Banggolo Poblacion
- Bangon
- Biaba-Damag
- Bito Buadi Itowa
- Bito Buadi Parba
- Bubonga Pagalamatan
- Bubonga Lilod Madaya
- Boganga
- Boto Ambolong
- Bubonga Cadayonan
- Bubong Lumbac
- Bubonga Marawi
- Bubonga Punod
- Cabasaran
- Cabingan
- Cadayonan
- Cadayonan II
- Calocan East
- Calocan West
- Kormatan Matampay
- Daguduban
- Dansalan
- Datu Saber (Navarro)
- Datu Sa Dansalan
- Dayawan
- Dimaluna
- Dulay
- Dulay West
- East Basak
- Emie Punud
- Fort
- Gadongan
- Buadi Sacayo (Green)
- Guimba (Lilod Proper)
- Kapantaran
- Kilala
- Lilod Madaya (Poblacion)
- Lilod Saduc
- Lomidong
- Lumbaca Madaya (Poblacion)
- Lumbac Marinaut
- Lumbaca Toros
- Malimono
- Basak Malutlut
- Gadongan Mapantao
- Amito Marantao
- Marinaut East
- Marinaut West
- Matampay
- Pantaon (Langcaf)
- Mipaga Proper
- Moncado Colony
- Moncado Kadingilan
- Moriatao Loksadato
- Datu Naga
- Olawa Ambolong
- Pagalamatan Gambai
- Pagayawan
- Panggao Saduc
- Papandayan
- Papandayan Caniogan
- Paridi
- Patani
- Pindolonan
- Poona Marantao
- Puga-an
- Rapasun MSU
- Raya Madaya I
- Raya Madaya II
- Raya Saduc
- Rorogagus Proper
- Rorogagus East
- Sabala Manao
- Sabala Manao Proper
- Saduc Proper
- Sagonsongan
- Sangcay Dansalan
- Somiorang
- South Madaya Proper
- Sugod Proper
- Tampilong
- Timbangalan
- Tuca Ambolong
- Tolali
- Toros
- Tuca
- Tuca Marinaut
- Tongantongan-Tuca Timbangalan
- Wawalayan Calocan
- Wawalayan Marinaut
- Marawi Poblacion
- Norhaya Village
Climate[edit]
Marawi's weather is warm and wet throughout the year. With the elevation along Lake Lanao at around 2,300 feet (700 m),[3] this raised altitude together frequent heavy showers at all seasons, ensures that hot conditions are seldom observed.
Climate data for Marawi City | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) |
Average low °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 159 (6.3) | 143 (5.6) | 166 (6.5) | 183 (7.2) | 357 (14.1) | 414 (16.3) | 333 (13.1) | 309 (12.2) | 289 (11.4) | 285 (11.2) | 253 (10.0) | 166 (6.5) | 3,057 (120.4) |
Average rainy days | 18.4 | 17.2 | 20.6 | 23.4 | 29.3 | 29.2 | 29.9 | 29.4 | 27.7 | 28.7 | 25.5 | 19.9 | 299.2 |
Source: Meteoblue [15] |
Demographics[edit]
Population census of Marawi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[4][16][17][18] |
Language[edit]
Maranao or Meranaw is widely spoken in Marawi; however, local inhabitants can also speak Cebuano, Maguindanao, Iranun, English, and Arabic.
Religion[edit]
Islamic Center in Brgy. Pangarungan, Marawi
Marawi City is predominantly a Muslim city—Muslims account for 99.6% of the population.[6] Sharia criminal law exists but without stoning, amputations, flagellations, or other punishments typically associated with Sharia as they are against the law of the Philippines. The distribution of alcoholic products and gambling is forbidden and women must cover their heads, though non-Muslims are exempted from this rule. Other than sharia law in personal matters, these laws are not applicable elsewhere in Lanao del Sur.
Economy[edit]
A view of Marawi City from a top
The economy of Marawi is largely based on agriculture, trading, and exporting. Most industries in the city are agriculture-oriented. They include rice and corn farming, hollow blocks manufacturing, goldsmithing, and saw milling. Small and cottage-size enterprises are engaged in garment making, mat and malong weaving, wood carving, brassware making, web development, and blacksmithing.[6]
Apart from that, Marawi is home to NPC - Agus 1 Hydro Electric Power Plant and the first of the six cascading Agus Hydro Power Plants.
A new wind and solar energy plant and a new diesel-generated power plant are set to be developed in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur, by two private firms to provide electricity to Marawi and adjoining areas.[19][20] The project will cost PHP 2 billion and will generate 10 to 30 megawatts of electricity.[19]
Architecture[edit]
The feeling of the unique natural setting of the Maranaos in Marawi is manifested by the presence of many large Torogans, an antique royal high-roofed houses with carvings designed by the Meranau, and the Sambitory Old Building in Barrio Naga in front of Tuaka Laput, Marawi.
Local government[edit]
- List of Mayors
- 1986, OIC Mayor
- 1986–1989, Mahid Mutilan
- 1989–1998, Abbas Basman
- 1998–2001, Omiel Basman
- 2001–2007, Omar Solitario Ali
- 2007–2016, Fahad Salic
- 2016–present, Majul Gandamra
- Only mayors since the 1986 People Power Revolution are listed.
Education[edit]
The Mindanao State University
Marawi is home to the main campus of Mindanao State University, the biggest state university in Mindanao and next to University of the Philippines. Other institutions and colleges are well established in the city and are as follows:
- Mindanao State University – Lanao National College of Arts and Trade
- Jamiatu Philippine Al-Islamia
- Mapandi Memorial College
- Jamiatu Marawi Al-Islamia Foundation
- Pacasum College
- Marawi Capitol College
- Lake Lanao College
- Philippine Muslim Teachers College
- Marawi Islamic College
- Senator Ninoy Aquino College Foundation
- Lanao Islamic Paramedical College Foundation
- Al-Khwarizmi International College
- Mindanao Islamic Computer College
- Datu Mala Memorial College
- Dansalan Polythechnic College
- Philippines Engineering and Agro-Industrial College
- Lanao Central College
- Khadijah Mohammad Islamic Academy
- Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Educational Center, Inc.
Other notable secondary schools are:
- Mindanao State University – Science High School
- Mindanao State University – Integrated Laboratory School
- Mindanao State University – University Training Center
- Hadiyyah International School
- Dansalan College Foundation Inc.
- Dhayfullah Islamic Institute, Inc.
- Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation
- Philippine Integrated School
- Al-Khwarizmi International College – Science Laboratory High School
- Marawi City National High School
- Dansalan National High School
- Aba Al-khail Computer School
- Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Islamic and Science Academy
TESDA is also stationed in Marawi which caters to technical training of students for the province.
Within the Mindanao State University is the Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts which is named in honor of SultanAga Khan who contributed to the realization of the museum. Historical development of the country is bank on the large space upon the conservation of cultural materials. It has huge, collection of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum. Indigenous art and cultural material are being displayed.
Sister Cities[edit]
- Local
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'City'. Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ ab'Province: Lanao del Sur'. PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ ab'Marawi City terrain'. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^ abCensus of Population (2015). 'ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao'. Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^'Marawi City is a Component City'. Philippine Information Agency, Government of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ abcdeAdministrator (2010-06-04). 'Islamic City of Marawi'. Government of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao Website. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^'During Spanish times'. City of Iligan website. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- ^'Gov't forces, Maute group clash in Marawi City'. CNN Philippines. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
- ^Cepeda, Mara. 'Congress extends martial law in Mindanao to end of 2019'. Rappler. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
- ^Yecyec, Joey Taguba. 'Gov't to build P400-million military camp in Marawi'. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- ^'Protected Areas in Region 12'Archived 2012-03-21 at the Wayback Machine. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^'Sacred Mountain National Park'. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^'Marawi, Islamic City of'. Biyahero, Philippine Travel Portal. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^'Marawi City (Capital)'. PSGC Interactive - NSCB. Retrieved on 2012-01-27.
- ^'Marawi City : Average Temperatures and Rainfall'. Meteoblue. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^Census of Population and Housing (2010). 'ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao'. Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^Censuses of Population (1903–2007). 'ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao'. Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
- ^'Province of Lanao del Sur'. Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ^ ab'P2-B power plant to rise in Lanao Sur'. Manila Bulletin. October 20, 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
- ^'Marawi tatayuan ng mga wind, solar-powered energy plant'. Abante. 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Marawi. |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marawi City. |
- Marawi City Profile at the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao Official Website
- Mindanao State University Official Website
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marawi&oldid=914440788'
(Redirected from Al-Mwawi)
General Commander of the Egyptian expeditionary force during 1948 Arab–Israeli War | |
---|---|
In office May 12, 1948 – October 20, 1948 | |
Prime Minister | Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 1897 Sohag, Egypt |
Died | 1979 Egypt |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Egypt |
Branch/service | Army |
Years of service | 1916 – 1948؟ |
Rank | |
Commands | General Commander of the Egyptian expeditionary force |
Battles/wars | 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Battle of Yad Mordechai, Battle of Nitzanim, Operation Pleshet, Battles of Negba, Operation Death to the Invader, Operation GYS |
Awards | Palastine war star |
Ahmed Abdullah Al-Mwawi (1897–1979?), also Mawawi or Muwawi, was a major general in the Egyptian Army. He served as the General Commander of the Egyptian expeditionary force during 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[1]
- 3Role in 1948 war
Personal life[edit]
He was born in Sohag in 1897. He was married and had four children.
Military career[edit]
- Mwawi graduated from the Military Academy in 1916.
- He was appointed at the rank of major as head of the training department of Military Operations.
- He was promoted to the rank of brigadier in 1945, he became the commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade.
- In 1947 he was appointed Commander of the Infantry Division.
- On May 12, 1948, he was appointed commander of the Egyptian Army in Sinai.[2]
Role in 1948 war[edit]
Warning discussion[edit]
On the evening of Tuesday, May 11, 1948, al-Mwawi attended a secret meeting of the Egyptian parliament to discuss the declaration of war. Before the voting of the parliament, he warned that the Egyptian Army was not prepared, opining that there would be little real fighting. The battle plan was unclear and war aims were vague, making al-Mwawi uncertain of his objectives. On May 15 he led the Egyptian Expeditionary Forces into Palestine. The Egyptians numbered between 7,000 and 10,000 troops, divided into two brigades.[2]
The Egyptian Expeditionary Forces comprised the 1st Infantry Battalion (numbering 700-750), the 6th Infantry Battalion (700-750), the 9th Infantry Battalion (700-750), an armoured reconnaissance battalion (35 armoured vehicles), a light tank battalion (seven tanks), three 25 pound cannon batteries (24 cannons), one 18 pound cannon battery (eight cannons) and one six pound anti-tank cannon battery (eight cannons).[3]
With the intensification of clashes in Palestine he moved his headquarters to el-Arish where he was stationed along with an infantry force.
War efforts[edit]
On May 14, Mwawi was promoted by Royal decree to the rank of major general and appointed commander of the southern sector of the Palestine theater of the Egyptian army operations. He commanded an expeditionary force of about 10,000 men consisting of five infantry battalions, an armored battalion with British Mark VI and Matilda tanks, a battalion of sixteen 25-pounder guns, a battalion of eight 6-pounder guns and a medium machine-gun battalion with supporting troops.[1]
Alarming report[edit]
He sent a report to Cairo headquarters, on July 18, 1948, during the second truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, describing the shortages in armaments and supplies. He also reported that the Arab forces were divided by mistrust.
Relief from command[edit]
On October 20, King Farouk I relieved al-Mwawi of his command.
Legacy[edit]
A village was named after him near Kafr el-Dawwar, Buhayrah, Egyp.[4]
Notes[edit]
- ^ abPollack, 2002, p. 15
- ^ abArab-Israeli Wars: 60 Years of Conflict
- ^http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1998/1948/381_myth.htmArchived February 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^`Izbat Ahmad Bey al Mawawi, Egypt Page
References[edit]
- Pollack, Kenneth Michael (2002). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN0-8032-3733-2
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Ali_al-Mwawi&oldid=847787450'